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Method of action
As with most filtration methods, water is carefully introduced to one side of the filter, which acts to block the passage of anything larger than a water molecule. Only water and smaller contaminants will pass through to the other "clean" side of the filter. Additionally many ceramic water filters (CWF) should be treated with silver, which is in a form that will not leach away. The silver helps to kill or incapacitate bacteria and prevent the growth of mold and algae in the body of the filter. The two most common types of CWF are pot type and candle type filters. CWF systems consist of a porous ceramic filter that sits on top of a plastic or ceramic receptacle. Contaminated water is poured in the filter and passes through the filter into the receptacle below. The receptacle usually is fitted with a tap. Contaminants which are larger than the minute holes of the ceramic structure will remain in the top half of the unit, which can be cleaned by brushing the inside of the top section with a soft brush and rinsing it out. Hot water and soap can also be used. Some ceramic filters (like ceramic candle filters) also use active carbon which absorbs compounds such as chlorine. Filters with active carbon need to be replaced periodically because the carbon becomes clogged with foreign material. This may not always work
There are also portable ceramic filters, such as the MSR Miniworks, which work via manual pumping, and in-line ceramic filters, which filters drinking water that comes through household plumbing. Cleaning these filters is the same as with the clay pot filter but also allows for reverse-flow cleaning, wherein clean water is forced through the filter backwards, pushing any contaminants out of the ceramic pores.
This filtration type does not remove chemical contaminants per se. However, some manufacturers incorporate a high-performance activated carbon core inside the ceramic filter cartridge that reduces organic & metallic contaminants. The major risks to the success of all forms of ceramic filtration are hairline cracks and cross-contamination. If the unit is dropped or otherwise abused, the brittle nature of ceramic materials can allow fine, hard to see cracks, and can allow larger contaminants through the filter. Also, if the "clean" water side of the ceramic membrane is brought into contact with dirty water, hands, cleaning cloths, etc, then the filtration will be ineffective. If such contact occurs, the clean side of the filter should be thoroughly sterilized before reuse.
Development and expansion
Several NGOs are supporting the expansion of the use of ceramic filters in drinking water development initiatives; most commonly, in the form of clay pot filters. Ron Rivera was a key proponent and innovator in the field as part of the group Potters for Peace.
See also
- LifeSaver bottle
External links
- Rainfresh Canada Ceramic Filter Cartridges
- Rainfresh Canada Ceramic Drinking Water Systems
- Potters for peace
- Potters Without Borders
- Potiers Sans Frontières, 国境なき陶芸家団, 无国境的陶瓷工艺团体
- Doulton Water Filter Ceramic Cartridge Technology
- History of the Doulton Ceramic Filter Candle
- practicafoundation.nl Filtrón ceramic filtration system
- edc-cu.org Case studies of Filtrón use in Rural Communities
- Ceramic Water Filters at RDI - Cambodia
- Nazava Ceramic Water Filters in Aceh Indonesia
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Esta página tiene contenido de Wikipedia. El Artículo original es Ceramic water filter. La lista de autores la puedes ver en Historial. El texto de Wikipedia esta disponible bajo Licencia Creative Commons Atribución/Compartir-Igual 3.0. |